Homeرافعة جسرية → Gantry cranes are sold to Japan

Gantry cranes are sold to Japan

Table of Contents

بيانات الجمارك الصينية يدل على أن في 2021 ، اليابان imported a total of US$133.963 million of various types of crane equipment from China, of which the import value of gantry cranes was US$804,000. It accounts for a negligible share of the total crane imports. Through the inquiry, it was found that the total amount of gantry cranes imported by Japan from the world in 2021 was 4.07 million US dollars. As an excellent crane supplier in China, Dongqi Crane is committed to exporting the best cranes to the world. For the Japanese crane market, Dongqi Crane believes that Japan's demand for gantry cranes should be much higher than 4.07 million US dollars. As one of the most commonly used cranes in port terminals, gantry cranes should have a huge demand in various port cities in Japan.

In order to help Japanese customers better understand our gantry crane products, this article will introduce the types of gantry cranes that can be provided to Japan. Different types are used in different work scenarios to maximize their effectiveness. If you have any needs or questions about our products, you can click here to الاتصال بناأو قل لنا من قبل البريد الإلكتروني: sales010@cranesdq.com

Protable Gantry Crane Sold To Japan Price

رافعة جسريةSpan(م)رفع الارتفاع(m)التيار الكهربائي(V)السعر(دولار أمريكي)
0.25 طن2~121~9220-480/3/50$900~9000
0.5 طن2~121~9220-480/3/50$1200~12000
1 طن2~121~9220-480/3/50$1500~15000
2 طن2~121~9220-480/3/50$2000~20000
3 طن2~121~9220-480/3/50$3000~30000
5 طن2~121~9220-480/3/50$4500~46000
10 طن2~121~9220-480/3/50$7000~65000

السعر أعلاه العملاقة رافعات جسرية سوف تتغير مع السوق دون إشعار آخر ، للرجوع إليها فقط. إذا كنت بحاجة إلى دقة الأسعار في المستقبل القريب ، يرجى الاتصال بنا.

اقتباس

Single Girder Gantry Crane Sold To Japan Price

رافعة جسريةSpan(م)رفع الارتفاع(m)التيار الكهربائي(V)السعر(دولار أمريكي)
1 طن7.5~31.56~30220-480/3/50$2200~40000
2 طن7.5~31.56~30220-480/3/50$2500~40800
3 طن7.5~31.56~30220-480/3/50$2600~41000
5 طن7.5~31.56~30220-480/3/50$3000~41500
10 طن7.5~31.56~30220-480/3/50$4000~45000
16 طن7.5~31.56~30220-480/3/50$5000~48000
20 طن7.5~31.56~30220-480/3/50$6000~50000
25 طن7.5~31.56~30220-480/3/50$8000~56000

السعر أعلاه العملاقة رافعات جسرية سوف تتغير مع السوق دون إشعار آخر ، للرجوع إليها فقط. إذا كنت بحاجة إلى دقة الأسعار في المستقبل القريب, يرجى الاتصال بنا.

اقتباس

Double Girder Gantry Crane Sold To Japan Price

رافعة جسريةSpan(م)رفع الارتفاع(m)التيار الكهربائي(V)السعر(دولار أمريكي)
1 طن7.5~31.56~30220-480/3/50$4000-60000
2 طن7.5~31.56~30220-480/3/50$4500-62000
3 طن7.5~31.56~30220-480/3/50$5000-66000
5 طن7.5~31.56~30220-480/3/50$5800-72000
10 طن7.5~31.56~30220-480/3/50$6500-79000
16 طن7.5~31.56~30220-480/3/50$7800-86000
20 طن7.5~31.56~30220-480/3/50$8600-95000
25 طن7.5~31.56~30220-480/3/50$9800-110000

سعر فوق رافعات جسرية سوف تتغير مع السوق دون إشعار آخر ، للرجوع إليها فقط. إذا كنت بحاجة إلى دقة الأسعار في المستقبل القريب, يرجى الاتصال بنا.

اقتباس

Types of gantry cranes provided by Dongqi Crane for Japan

عارضة واحدة رافعة جسرية

3 طن رافعة جسرية للبيع

Single girder Gantry crane is a regular crane widely used in open ground and warehouses for loading and unloading materials.

الميزات:

  • الزائد جهاز الحماية منع رفع الأحمال تجاوز السعة
  • مفتاح الحد لمنع الرفع الزائد والخفض الزائد
  • الخطوة 2 التبديل الحد لمنع overtransversing و overtravelling
  • مزلاج الأمان على هوك
  • مسموعة يشير الجهاز الذي ينشط عندما الرافعة تتحرك
  • تناوب الضوء الذي ينشط عندما الرافعة تتحرك
  • مسطحة مرنة كابل اكليل النظام عبر السفر إمدادات الطاقة المتنقلة السيطرة على رافعة الجسر
  • دفع أزرار قلادة مع استكمال السيطرة على كابل المنقولة مربع المحطة الطرفية

The application of single-beam gantry cranes in Japan can be discussed from many aspects, including its application in the industrial field, technology development trends and market conditions.

1. Application in the industrial field

Single-beam gantry cranes are widely used in the Japanese industrial field, especially in situations where large spans, large lifting weights and high efficiency are required for material handling. They are widely used in various industries such as steel, machinery, chemicals, ports, docks, logistics, etc., for lifting, handling and stacking various materials and equipment.

2. Technology development trends

  • Large-scale and high-efficiency: With the advancement of science and technology and the expansion of production scale, the Japanese lifting machinery industry continues to develop in the direction of large-scale and high-efficiency. Single-beam gantry cranes are no exception. Their lifting weight and span are constantly increasing to meet the needs of larger-scale and more efficient material handling.
  • Automation and intelligence: The combination of mechanical technology and electronic technology has continuously improved the automation and intelligence level of cranes. Japan is in a world-leading position in automation and intelligent technology, so its single-beam gantry cranes also widely use advanced automation and intelligent technologies, such as automatic positioning, remote monitoring, fault diagnosis, etc.
  • Modularization and combination: In order to reduce production costs and improve the degree of generalization, the Japanese lifting machinery industry usually adopts modular combination to produce cranes. Single-beam gantry cranes are no exception. Their parts and modules can be flexibly combined to meet the needs of different users.

3. Market conditions

The Japanese lifting machinery market is relatively mature and competitive. As one of the important products, single-beam gantry cranes also occupy a certain share in the market. With the recovery of the Japanese economy and the continuous development of industry, the demand for cranes is also increasing. At the same time, the Japanese lifting machinery industry is also constantly innovating and upgrading to adapt to market changes and needs.

اقتباس

مزدوجة العارضة رافعة جسرية

مزدوجة العارضة رافعة جسرية

مزدوجة العارضة رافعة جسرية مناسبة للاستخدام في الهواء الطلق المستودعات والساحات ميناء محطات رفع المواد.

الميزات:

  • الزائد جهاز الحماية منع رفع الأحمال تجاوز السعة
  • مفتاح الحد لمنع الرفع الزائد والخفض الزائد
  • مفتاح حد مكون من خطوتين لمنع الإفراط في العرض والسفر الزائد
  • مزلاج الأمان على هوك
  • مسموعة يشير الجهاز الذي ينشط عندما الرافعة تتحرك
  • تناوب الضوء الذي ينشط عندما الرافعة تتحرك
  • مسطحة مرنة كابل اكليل النظام عبر السفر إمدادات الطاقة المتنقلة السيطرة على رافعة الجسر
  • دفع أزرار قلادة مع استكمال السيطرة على كابل المنقولة مربع المحطة الطرفية

The application of double-beam gantry cranes in Japan can be discussed from the following aspects:

1. Application in the industrial field

Double-beam gantry cranes are widely used in the Japanese industrial field. They are usually used in material handling occasions that require large spans, high lifting weights and stable performance. On construction sites, double-beam gantry cranes can efficiently transport construction materials and equipment; in ports and logistics centers, they are used for loading, unloading and transshipment of bulk goods. The double-beam structure of this crane provides greater stability and carrying capacity, allowing them to cope with various complex handling tasks.

2. الخصائص التقنية والمزايا

  • Strong carrying capacity: The double-beam structure enables the crane to have a higher carrying capacity and can lift heavier materials.
  • Good stability: The double-beam design enhances the overall stability of the crane and reduces shaking and offset during operation.
  • Wide range of applications: Due to its structural characteristics and performance advantages, double-beam gantry cranes can adapt to a variety of operating environments and handling needs.

3. Market and technological development

  • Market demand: With the development of Japanese industry and the prosperity of the logistics industry, the demand for double-beam gantry cranes is also increasing. Especially in large-scale engineering projects and logistics centers, this type of crane is increasingly used.
  • Technological innovation: Japan has a high level of technology and innovation in the field of lifting machinery. Double-beam gantry cranes have also undergone continuous technological upgrades and innovations in the Japanese market to adapt to higher handling efficiency and safety performance requirements.

4. Environmental protection and intelligent trends

With the global emphasis on environmental protection and intelligence, Japan's double-beam gantry cranes are also developing in these two directions. The new environmentally friendly double-beam gantry crane will adopt more environmentally friendly materials and designs to reduce the impact on the environment. At the same time, the application of intelligent technology will also enable cranes to achieve more precise operations and more efficient operations. For example, by introducing the Internet of Things and artificial intelligence technologies, cranes can achieve functions such as remote monitoring, autonomous operation, and self-fault diagnosis, thereby improving work efficiency and safety.

اقتباس

شبه رافعة جسرية

ورشة عمل-كرين-شبه العملاقة-كرين

شبه العملاقة واحدة/مزدوجة العارضة رافعة تستخدم في تطبيقات مثل أداة الغرفة حيث استخدام جزء من خليج مطلوب ، أو في الهواء الطلق المواقع حيث العملاقة السكك الحديدية يمكن تركيبها بجانب بنية القائمة.

الميزات:

  • الزائد جهاز الحماية منع رفع الأحمال تجاوز السعة
  • مفتاح الحد لمنع الرفع الزائد والخفض الزائد
  • مفتاح حد مكون من خطوتين لمنع الإفراط في العرض والسفر الزائد
  • مزلاج الأمان على هوك
  • مسموعة يشير الجهاز الذي ينشط عندما الرافعة تتحرك
  • تناوب الضوء الذي ينشط عندما الرافعة تتحرك
  • مسطحة مرنة كابل اكليل النظام عبر السفر إمدادات الطاقة المتنقلة السيطرة على رافعة الجسر
  • دفع أزرار قلادة مع استكمال السيطرة على كابل المنقولة مربع المحطة الطرفية

The application of semi-gantry cranes in Japan is mainly reflected in multiple industries. Its unique structure and performance advantages make it an indispensable lifting equipment in many fields such as industry, logistics, and construction in Japan. The following is a detailed analysis of the application of semi-gantry cranes in Japan:

1. Industrial field

In the manufacturing industry, semi-gantry cranes are widely used to carry heavy items such as mechanical equipment, parts, etc. Its strong lifting capacity and stability make it an important equipment in heavy manufacturing. Especially in the automobile manufacturing, machinery manufacturing and other industries, semi-gantry cranes can efficiently complete the material handling and assembly tasks on the production line, improve production efficiency and product quality.

2. Logistics industry

In the field of warehousing and logistics, semi-gantry cranes also play an important role. They are used for loading and unloading, stacking and other tasks of goods, which improves logistics efficiency and operational benefits. In Japan's ports, docks and logistics centers, semi-gantry cranes are one of the common loading and unloading equipment, which can quickly handle a large number of containers and goods to ensure smooth and efficient logistics transportation.

3. Construction industry

In the construction industry, semi-gantry cranes are also widely used. In large construction sites, they can be used for the construction of high-altitude buildings, such as hoisting steel bars, concrete and other building materials. Semi-gantry cranes can easily cope with various complex construction environments and improve construction efficiency and safety. In addition, in bridges, tunnels and other projects, semi-gantry cranes can also carry out the hoisting and installation of beams and slabs, showing their strong adaptability and flexibility.

4. الخصائص التقنية والمزايا

  • Compact structure: The شبه رافعة جسرية adopts a unique single-beam structure setting, which makes the whole machine compact, light in weight and occupies a small space. This design allows it to work easily in a space-constrained environment.
  • Efficient and safe: The metal material single-beam structure of the semi-gantry crane can effectively disperse the load pressure and improve the efficiency and safety of the operation. At the same time, they are also equipped with advanced safety protection systems, such as weight detection, travel limitation and other functions to ensure the safety of operators and equipment.
  • Strong adaptability: Semi-gantry cranes can be customized according to the actual working environment to adapt to different sites and engineering needs. Whether it is an indoor or outdoor environment, they can show good working performance.

5. Market and Prospects

With the recovery of Japan's economy and the continuous development of industry, the demand for lifting equipment is also increasing. Semi-gantry cranes have received widespread attention and recognition in the market for their unique structure and performance advantages. In the future, with the continuous advancement of technology and the continuous expansion of application fields, the application prospects of semi-gantry cranes in Japan will be broader.

اقتباس

الإطار بوابة رافعة

ما-هو--الهزال-كرين-أنواع-تصميم المحمولة العملاقة

الإطار رافعات جسريةتُعرف الرافعات الجسرية ذات الإطار A أو الرافعات الجسرية خفيفة الوزن أيضًا بأنها مناسبة لمجموعة من التطبيقات. عادةً ما تكون هذه الرافعات الجسرية ذات البوابة الصغيرة لمتطلبات الرفع ذات المهام الخفيفة. يمكن تحريك الرافعات بسهولة في جميع أنحاء مكان العمل وتثبيتها في مكانها عند الحاجة، وذلك بفضل تزويدها بعجلات دوارة ثقيلة الوزن. تُعد هذه الرافعات مثالية لخطوط التجميع وورش العمل وحجرات الخدمة والمواقع المؤقتة.

الميزات:

  • قطب الخروع عجلة مع الفرامل
  • جهاز حماية الزائد
  • مفتاح الحد لمنع الرفع الزائد والخفض الزائد
  • السلامة القبض على هوك
  • IP 54 الحماية لجميع المحركات
  • ضغط على زر قلادة كاملة مع كابل التحكم
  • مسطحة مرنة نظام كابل اكليل عبر السفر إمدادات الطاقة

اقتباس

رافعة قنطرية متحركة

2 طن بروتابلي رافعة جسرية

بسيطة المحمول رافعة جسرية يتم تصنيعها من أجل رفع معدات التحميل و التفريغ من المستودع وصيانة المعدات الثقيلة ونقل المواد المطبقة الصغيرة والمتوسطة المصنع. أفضل ميزة الرافعة اومني-اتجاهي movability وسريعة الجمعية, حجم صغير, يمكن نقلها إلى آخر إلا مع السيارة الصغيرة. القدرة 0.25 t-10t ، سبان هو 12m. الفرامل وإذ تضع عجلة العالمي يمكن أن تتحرك على أرض الواقع ، يمكن استخدامها جنبا إلى جنب مع رافعة كهربائية, سلسلة كتلة القطار متحرك, تحقيق رافعة الميكنة, والتي يمكن أن تقلل من القوة البشرية وتكاليف الإنتاج وتحسين كفاءة العمل.

البندرافعة قنطرية متحركة
القدرات0.5123510
Span2-12m (كما تتطلب الخاص)
ارتفاع1-10m (كما تتطلب الخاص)
عجلة4
معدات رفعدليل / الكهربائية رفع سلسلة أو سلك حبل الرافعة
السلطة380V50HZ3P أو حسب الطلب

Portable gantry cranes (also commonly called portable gantry cranes) are widely used in various industries in Japan due to their lightness, flexibility, easy installation and high load-bearing capacity. The following is a detailed analysis of the application of portable gantry cranes in Japanese industries:

1. Automobile industry

In Japan's automobile manufacturing industry, portable gantry cranes are widely used on production lines. They can easily lift and assemble automotive parts such as engines, body panels, etc., improving the material flow efficiency and assembly accuracy of the production line. Because portable gantry cranes are easy to move and install, they can quickly adapt to different needs on the production line and provide flexible production solutions for automobile manufacturers.

2. Machinery manufacturing and processing

In the machinery manufacturing and processing industry, portable gantry cranes are used to transport and install heavy machine tools, equipment and processed parts. The high load-bearing capacity and stability of these cranes enable them to perform various heavy lifting tasks, thereby optimizing the production layout and improving production efficiency. In addition, the flexibility of portable gantry cranes also enables them to operate flexibly in small workshops to meet various complex processing needs.

3. الخدمات اللوجستية والتخزين

In the field of logistics and warehousing, portable gantry cranes are one of the indispensable equipment. They can quickly lift and stack goods, improve the utilization rate of storage space and logistics turnover speed. Since portable gantry cranes are easy to install and disassemble, they can easily adapt to warehouses of different sizes and types to meet various storage needs. At the same time, the flexibility and efficiency of these cranes also make them important auxiliary equipment in logistics distribution centers.

4. Construction Industry

In the construction industry, portable gantry cranes are also widely used in various construction sites. They can lift construction materials and construction equipment, such as steel bars, concrete blocks, scaffolding, etc., to facilitate the transportation of materials on the construction site. The lightness and flexibility of portable gantry cranes enable them to operate flexibly in small construction sites, improving construction efficiency and safety.

5. Technical Features and Advantages

  • Light and Flexible: Portable gantry cranes are made of lightweight materials, are light in weight, and are easy to carry and move. At the same time, they also have all-round mobility and can be quickly transferred between different work sites to meet diverse operational needs.
  • Easy to install and disassemble: These cranes usually consist of several main components that can be installed and disassembled by simple bolt connections. This not only saves time and labor costs, but also improves work efficiency.
  • High load capacity: Although portable gantry cranes are relatively lightweight, their load capacity is considerable. They are able to handle heavier loads and meet most operating needs.
  • Stable and reliable: The design and structure of portable gantry cranes make them highly stable. They usually adopt triangular structures or other stable support methods to ensure stability and safety when lifting items.

اقتباس

L الكهربائية عربة رافعة جسرية

الأهداف الإنمائية للألفية واحدة رافعة جسرية العارضة

الكهربائية عربة رافعة جسرية هو منتصف ضوء نوع رافعة جسرية, وقد تم تجهيز مع كهربائي رافعة السنانير, مع ملامح واضحة من "L" شكل الساقين ، مما يجعل الرافعة أكثر ملاءمة للتعامل مع البضائع مع طول فترة طويلة ، مثل أنابيب الصلب ، إلخ. رفع القدرة الكهربائية عربة رافعة جسرية 5 إلى 32 طن و الطبقة العاملة هو A5 و A6. المعايير هي كما يلي:

نوع المنتجL
رفع القدرات5~32t
Span طول18~35m
الطبقة العاملةA5, A6
درجة الحرارة المحيطة-25~40 ° c

As a type of gantry crane, the L-type electric trolley gantry crane is characterized by compact structure, light weight, small wheel pressure, large operating range and strong flexibility. These characteristics make the L-type electric trolley gantry crane widely used in various industries in Japan. The following is a specific analysis of its application in Japanese industries:

1. Automobile industry

  • Production line material handling: In the automobile manufacturing process, the L-type electric trolley gantry crane can efficiently transport parts such as engines and body panels on the production line. Its flexible operating range and precise control capabilities make the material flow on the production line smoother and improve production efficiency.
  • Assembly line assistance: On the assembly line, the L-type electric trolley gantry crane can assist in the installation of large components such as doors and hoods, reduce the labor intensity of workers, and improve assembly accuracy.

2. Machinery manufacturing and processing

  • Heavy equipment handling: In machinery manufacturing workshops, L-type electric trolley gantry cranes are often used to transport heavy machine tools, equipment and processed parts. Its high load capacity and stability ensure safety and efficiency during the handling process.
  • Adjustment of production line layout: As production demand changes, the layout of the production line needs to be constantly adjusted. L-type electric trolley gantry cranes can quickly respond to such changes and flexibly adjust the equipment position to meet production needs.

3. الخدمات اللوجستية والتخزين

  • Cargo loading and unloading: In logistics centers and warehouses, L-type electric trolley gantry cranes are indispensable loading and unloading equipment. They can quickly and accurately complete the loading and unloading of goods, improve the utilization rate of storage space and the speed of logistics turnover.
  • Inventory management: With the help of L-type electric trolley gantry cranes, warehouse managers can more conveniently conduct inventory and inventory management of goods to ensure the accuracy of inventory data.

4. Construction industry

  • Construction material handling: On construction sites, L-type electric trolley gantry cranes are often used to transport various construction materials, such as steel bars, concrete slabs, etc. Its flexibility and efficiency improve construction efficiency and shorten construction period.
  • Construction equipment installation: During the construction process, some large equipment such as tower cranes and construction elevators need to be installed. L-type electric trolley gantry cranes can assist in the lifting and installation of these equipment to ensure smooth construction.

5. Technical features and application advantages

  • Compact structure and light weight: The L-type electric trolley gantry crane has a compact structure and light weight, which makes its installation and disassembly more convenient and suitable for various complex working environments.
  • Large operating range and strong flexibility: Its large operating range and strong flexibility can meet different operating requirements and improve work efficiency.
  • Energy saving and environmental protection: It adopts electric drive mode, which has the advantages of energy saving, environmental protection, low noise, etc., which meets the requirements of modern industry for environmental protection and energy saving.

اقتباس

Different types of gantry cranes sold from China to Japan

15 ton Electric Grab Bucket Type Gantry Crane for sale to Japan

MHZ single girder gantry crane with grab bucket is the most commonly used light duty crane, widely applied for indoor and outdoor workplaces, such as consruction yeards, storage yards, warehouse, workshop, freight yards, and dock. It is a typical A frame gantry crane and the lifting capacity of this equipment is in a range of 3 ton to 16 ton to handle small and medium sized materials. The metal structure of this lightweight gantry crane is usually designed with box type. For outdoor working environments with strong wind, الجمالون رافعة جسرية is more often used to reduce wind resistance.

  • رفع الوزن: 15 طن
  • رفع الارتفاع: 8 متر
  • العمر: 20 متر
  • Working voltage: 220/3/50

Rail Mounted Running Electric Double Girder Gantry Crane for sale to Japan

Double girder type gantry crane is an efficient material handling solution widely applied in manufacturing industry, construction site, ship building industry, shipyard, port, rail terminals and so on to perform large and heavy lifting tasks. The lifting capacity of this heavy duty crane ranges from dozens of tons to several hundreds tons to suit for various application requirements. A typical design of heavy duty gantry crane falls in double girder so as to undertake heavy loads.

  • رفع الوزن: 40 طن
  • رفع الارتفاع: 22 متر
  • Span: 32 meters
  • Working voltage: 220/3/50

A Frame Rail Tracks Single Girder Gantry Crane for sale to Japan

MH single girder gantry crane is the most commonly used light duty crane, widely applied for indoor and outdoor workplaces, such as storage yards, warehouse, workshop, freight yards, and dock. It is a typical A frame gantry crane and the lifting capacity of this equipment is in a range of 3 ton to 16 ton to handle small and medium sized materials. The metal structure of this lightweight gantry crane is usually designed with box type. For outdoor working environments with strong wind, truss gantry crane is more often used to reduce wind resistance.

  • رفع الوزن: 10 طن
  • رفع الارتفاع: 5 متر
  • العمر: 8 متر
  • Working voltage: 220/3/50

1 ton Mobile Gantry Crane for sale to Japan

  • رفع الوزن: 1 طن
  • رفع الارتفاع: 3 متر
  • العمر: 5 متر
  • Working voltage: 220/3/50

5t Single Girder Gantry Crane for Industrial Factory for sale to Japan

  • رفع الوزن: 5 طن
  • رفع الارتفاع: 6 متر
  • Span: 4 meters
  • Working voltage: 220/3/50

كيفية تخصيص رافعة جسرية من الصين

نحن رافعة مصنع يقع في الصين ، توفير رافعة خدمات التخصيص العالمية رافعة العملاء. إذا كنت ترغب في تخصيص رافعة جسرية, يمكنك ترك رسالة على الموقع أو البريد الإلكتروني: sales010@cranesdq.comقل لنا المعلومات التالية ، مدير المبيعات لدينا بالاتصال بك:

  • رفع السعة (طن): __ ?( السعة)
  • رفع الارتفاع (م):__ ? (الطول من ربط مركز الأرض)
  • Span (م): __ ? (المسافة بين مركز السكك الحديدية)
  • سرعة رفع (م/دقيقة): __ ? ( مفردة ، مزدوجة ، متغير)
  • السفر المسافة (م): __ ? (طول السكك الحديدية)
  • العمل: __ ? (كم عدد ساعات اليوم ؟ كم مرة ساعة؟)
  • ما المواد التي سيتم رفع: __ ?
  • الصناعية الجهد: __ ? ( مثل :380V, 50Hz, 3ph )

  الاتصال لدينا كرين المتخصصين


أرسل لنا رسالة وسوف نقوم بالرد عليك في أقرب وقت ممكن.

    ارسال الاحتياجات الخاصة بك

      arArabic