The lubrication of the crane is an important maintenance work. If the lubrication is not good, it will accelerate the wear of the equipment and seriously shorten the service life of the crane. Therefore, it is very important to do a good job in the lubrication of the crane. The editor will explain the lubrication and precautions of the key components of the crane.
The lubrication of cranes is one of the important contents of daily maintenance work. The quality of lubrication not only directly affects the operation of various mechanisms and the life of parts, but also affects safety production and production efficiency. Therefore, operators and maintenance personnel must frequently check the lubrication conditions of the crane's lubrication points, and add and replace lubricants on time.
The principle to be followed in lubrication work: where there is a dynamic fit between the shaft and the hole, as well as the mechanical parts with friction surfaces, they must be regularly lubricated. Due to different crane operating conditions (utilization rate and operating environment, etc.), the lubrication of different parts should be properly mastered according to the specific situation.
Lubricants are divided into three categories: lubricating oil, grease and solid lubricant.
Lubricating oil is the most widely used liquid lubricant. Commonly used lubrication on cranes includes mechanical oil, gear oil, and cylinder oil.
Grease is a colloidal lubricating material, commonly known as butter and dry oil. It is a mixture of lubricating oil and thickening agent at high temperature. In fact, it is thickened lubricating oil, and some greases are also added with additives.
Commonly used solid lubricants are molybdenum disulfide, graphite, tungsten disulfide and so on.
The lubrication methods of various crane mechanisms are divided into decentralized lubrication and centralized lubrication.
Single and double beam cranes generally use dispersed lubrication. When lubricating, use an oil gun or an oil cup to fill each lubrication point with oil. The advantages of decentralized lubrication are: simple structure, reliable lubrication, convenient maintenance, easy purchase of lubricating tools, standard specifications, and lower cost. The disadvantages are: the lubrication points are scattered, it takes a certain time to add grease, there are many exposed points, and it is easy to be covered by dust or blocked by foreign objects.
Centralized lubrication is mostly used in double-beam cranes. Centralized lubrication is divided into two types: manual pump refueling and electric pump centralized refueling. Centralized lubrication can be regularly and quantitatively lubricated, and multiple lubrication points can be supplied from one place, which can reduce maintenance workload, improve safety and maintain environmental sanitation.
The lubrication parts and lubrication intervals of cranes under the normal working time system (eight hours a day) are as follows:
| Serial number | Part name | Lubrication cycle | Lubricating material | Remark |
| 1 | سلك حبل | 15-30 days | Synthetic graphite calcium base grease (SYB1405-65), steel wire rope grease, yellow dry oil | |
| 2 | المخفض | 6 months | Summer: HL-30 gear oil HJ-50 machine oil Winter: HL-20 gear oil HJ-40 machine oil | |
| 3 | Gear coupling | 3 months | Calcium-based grease (SYB1401-62), sodium-based grease (SYB1401-62) | |
| 4 | Cross coupling | weekly | ||
| 5 | Rolling bearing | 6 months | Calcium-based grease (SYB1403-59) | |
| 6 | Working pulley | 3 months | Calcium-based grease (SYB1403-59) | |
| 7 | Cylinder of brake electromagnet | 6 months | Calcium-based grease (SYB1403-59) | |
| 8 | Contactor, controller, limit switch shaft, master controller and cam controller roller | weekly | 40#-50#machine oil | Use a small oil can or use iron wire to inject 2-3 drops |
| 9 | Controller lever and each axis of rotation | weekly | Calcium-based grease sodium-based grease 40#-50# mechanical oil | A small amount |
| 10 | Contact of drum controller | every day | 40#-50#machine oil | Pour a small amount of oil on a clean cloth and wipe |
| 11 | Hydraulic electromagnet, hydraulic pusher | Complete replacement in 6 months-1 year | 25#Transformer oil (SY1351-65) | |
| 12 | Rail clamp gear and each rotating shaft | weekly | 40#-50#machine oil | Only for gantry use |
Precautions for crane lubrication
The lubricant must be kept clean during use. Check carefully before use. If impurities or dirt are found, it should not be used. Pay attention to the change of the lubricant when using it. If it is found to have deteriorated and become invalid, it should be replaced in time.
Frequently check the lubrication system and the sealing condition of each part and the grease feeding situation carefully.
The lubrication point with higher temperature should increase the number of lubrication and install a temperature isolation or cooling device.
Appropriate lubricating materials should be selected according to the specific conditions, and different grades of lubricating greases cannot be mixed.
The rotating parts of each mechanism without oil filling points should be filled with oil into the rotating gaps with oiling tools as needed to reduce wear and prevent rust.
Sodium-based grease should not be used in damp places, because of its strong water absorption and easy failure.
The pressure grease injection method should ensure that the lubricant enters the friction surface. If the oil is not condensed smoothly, the dilution method can be used to dredge.
When replacing the grease, be sure to thoroughly replace the old with the new, clean it, and seal it well.
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