بيانات الجمارك الصينية يدل على أن في 2021 Zambia imported bridge cranes from China worth US$327,000. Compared to 2020, this figure was $491,000. In terms of import quantity, Zambia will import a total of 12 sets of overhead cranes from China in 2021, with an average import unit price of US$27,250. In 2020, Zambia will import a total of 14 sets of overhead cranes from China, with an average import price of US$35,070. In terms of import volume, Zambia's demand for Chinese bridge cranes has not changed much. The difference in import amount comes from the price of different overhead cranes. For Chinese crane suppliers, how to produce bridge cranes that meet customer needs is a must-have capability.
دونغ تشى رافعة is an excellent crane supplier in China. It has many years of service experience in Zambia and can independently complete the installation and after-sales maintenance of overhead cranes in Zambia. Overhead crane is one of the important crane products of Dongqi Crane. It has a variety of different types of overhead crane designs, which can meet the working needs of most Zambian customers for overhead cranes. This article will introduce the working characteristics and technical parameters of different types of overhead cranes one by one. If you are interested in our products, you can click here to الاتصال بناأو قل لنا من قبل البريد الإلكتروني: sales010@cranesdq.com
Single Girder Overhead Crane sold to the Zambia Price
رافعة علوية
Span(م)
رفع الارتفاع(m)
التيار الكهربائي(V)
السعر(دولار أمريكي)
1 طن
7.5~31.5
6~30
220-480/3/50
$2200~40000
2 طن
7.5~31.5
6~30
220-480/3/50
$2500~40800
3 طن
7.5~31.5
6~30
220-480/3/50
$2600~41000
5 طن
7.5~31.5
6~30
220-480/3/50
$3000~41500
10 طن
7.5~31.5
6~30
220-480/3/50
$4000~45000
16 طن
7.5~31.5
6~30
220-480/3/50
$5000~48000
20 طن
7.5~31.5
6~30
220-480/3/50
$6000~50000
25 طن
7.5~31.5
6~30
220-480/3/50
$8000~56000
السعر أعلاه النفقات العامة لجسر الرافعات سوف تتغير مع السوق دون إشعار آخر ، للرجوع إليها فقط. إذا كنت بحاجة إلى دقة الأسعار في المستقبل القريب ، يرجى الاتصال بنا.
Types of overhead cranes sold by Dongqi Crane to Zambia
Grab Bucket Overhead Crane for sale to Zambia
الاستيلاء على الرافعة الثقيلة رافعة مزدوجة العارضة النفقات العامة مجهزة انتزاع دلو ، والتي يمكن استخدامها في كثير من الأحيان. رفع قدرة الاستيلاء على رافعة شملت الوزن الميت من الاستيلاء على دلو من 5 طن الى 25 طن. الطبقة العاملة من الاستيلاء على رافعة A6. مواصفات الاستيلاء على رافعة ويرد في الجدول التالي للرجوع اليها و تصميم حسب الطلب يمكن أن تقدمها دونغ تشى رافعة.
As a special type of bridge crane, grab bridge crane can efficiently load, unload and transport bulk materials by using grab bucket, a special lifting device. Its working characteristics and application analysis in Zambia are as follows:
Working characteristics of grab bridge crane
Special lifting device:
Grab bridge crane uses grab bucket as lifting device, which can flexibly carry out unloading, stacking, reversing, material collection and loading operations.
The design of grab bucket enables it to grab and carry bulk materials such as mineral powder, coke slag, coke, limestone, etc., and is suitable for a variety of industrial environments.
Heavy duty system:
Grab bridge crane is usually a heavy duty system, that is, the equipment needs to run for a long time and high load to meet the loading and unloading needs of a large amount of bulk materials.
من السهل أن تعمل:
All mechanisms of grab bridge crane are operated in the driver's cab, with a friendly operating interface, which is convenient for the driver to control accurately.
Equipped with advanced control system and transmission device to ensure the smooth operation of the crane and improve operating efficiency.
سلامة عالية الأداء:
Grab bridge cranes are equipped with multiple safety protection devices, such as overload limiters, limiters, emergency stop buttons, etc., to ensure safe operation.
When performing grab operations, there are strict operating specifications and inspection procedures, such as grab opening and closing mechanism inspection before each shift, empty car trial operation, etc., to ensure the stability of the operation process.
Application analysis in Zambia
التعدين:
Zambia has rich mineral resources, such as copper, cobalt, gold, etc. Grab bridge cranes have broad application prospects in the mining field and can be used for ore mining, stacking and transportation.
In the process of ore crushing, screening and transportation, grab bridge cranes can efficiently grab and carry bulk materials and improve production efficiency.
الموانئ والأحواض:
Ports and docks in Zambia often need to handle large amounts of bulk cargo, such as coal, ore, grain, etc.
Grab bridge cranes can be used for loading and unloading operations of these goods, improving loading and unloading efficiency and reducing labor costs.
صناعة الطاقة:
In the energy industry, such as hydropower stations, thermal power stations, etc., grab bridge cranes can be used for loading, unloading and stacking operations of fuels (such as coal, coke, etc.).
In the construction and maintenance of power stations, grab bridge cranes can also play an important role, such as handling and installing large equipment.
البناء والبنية التحتية:
Zambia is carrying out large-scale infrastructure construction, such as roads, bridges, buildings, etc.
Grab bridge cranes can be used for handling and stacking operations of construction materials, such as loading, unloading and transportation of bulk materials such as sand and gravel.
LD Single Girder Overhead Crane for sale to Zambia
دونغ تشى توريد واحدة رافعة العارضة مع رفع القدرات: 1~20t ، سبان:7.5~28.5 م, ارتفاع الرفع 1~30 م, العمل منخفضة الدرجة A3,A4. نحن أيضا تصميم وتصنيع قياسي رافعة وفقا المستخدمين تطلبا.
هذا رافعة تستخدم في درجة الحرارة المحيطة من -25 ° c ~ +40 ° م الرطوبة≤85%, في الارتفاع تحت 1000 متر, إمدادات الطاقة 3-ph, 380V,50HZ(يمكن تغيير كما طلب المستخدم).
LD single-beam bridge crane is a lifting equipment with compact structure, excellent performance, safety and reliability. It is widely used in general lifting operations in machinery manufacturing, warehouses, assembly, hydropower station maintenance and other places. The following is an analysis of the application of LD single-beam bridge crane in Zambia, combined with its working characteristics:
خصائص العمل من دينار واحد شعاع جسر الرافعة
بنية مدمجة وخفيفة الوزن:
LD single-beam bridge crane adopts a three-beam structure, the main beam and the end beam are connected by high-strength bolts, the structure is compact and the weight is light, which is easy to install and transport.
سلاسة و دقة تحديد المواقع:
The lifting mechanism adopts an electric hoist, which runs smoothly and accurately, and can meet the needs of precision lifting operations.
Flexible operation, safe and reliable:
LD single-beam bridge crane can be operated by ground control button box or wireless جهاز التحكم عن بعد, which is flexible and convenient. At the same time, it is equipped with multiple safety protection devices, such as overload limiter, limiter, emergency stop button, etc., to ensure safe and reliable operation.
سهلة الصيانة و الخدمة الطويلة في الحياة:
LD single-beam bridge crane has standardized and serialized parts, which is easy to repair and replace. The use of high-quality materials and manufacturing processes ensures a long service life of the crane.
Application analysis in Zambia
التصنيع:
Zambia's manufacturing industry is developing rapidly, and LD single-beam bridge cranes can be used for material handling operations in production lines such as machinery manufacturing and assembly to improve production efficiency and quality.
والتخزين والخدمات اللوجستية:
In the field of warehousing and logistics, LD single-beam bridge cranes can be used for loading, unloading, stacking and handling of goods to improve the efficiency and accuracy of warehousing and logistics.
Hydropower station maintenance:
Zambia has abundant water resources, and there is a large demand for the construction and maintenance of hydropower stations. LD single-beam bridge cranes can be used for the maintenance and hoisting of hydropower station equipment to ensure the safe operation of hydropower stations.
التعدين وتجهيز المعادن:
Although LD single-beam bridge cranes are usually used for lighter lifting operations, they can also play an important role in some mining and mineral processing scenarios, such as the handling of small ores and the loading and unloading of concentrate powder. Its compact structure and light weight enable it to operate flexibly in a small space.
بناء البنية التحتية:
In the field of infrastructure construction in Zambia, such as construction sites of bridges, roads, buildings and other projects, LD single-beam bridge cranes can be used for the handling and stacking of construction materials to improve construction efficiency and quality.
QC Electromagnetic Overhead Crane for sale to Zambia
QC الكهرومغناطيسية رافعة علوية هو نوع من معدات مناولة المواد ، مجهزة انفصال الكهرومغناطيسية تشاك وما يقابلها من نظام التشغيل التعامل معها و رفع الأجسام المعدنية. رفع قدرة الكهرومغناطيسية رافعة علوية تشمل الوزن الكهرومغناطيسية 5 إلى 32 طن. الطبقة العاملة من الكهرومغناطيسية رافعة A5 وA6. مدة الاحتفاظ بالمغناطيس تتراوح من 10 إلى 30 دقيقة.
QC electromagnetic bridge crane is a lifting equipment that uses electromagnetic force to carry out material handling. It has the characteristics of fast lifting speed, convenient operation and wide adaptability. The following is an analysis of the application of QC electromagnetic bridge crane in Zambia, combined with its working characteristics:
تعمل خصائص الجودة الكهرومغناطيسية جسر الرافعة
القوة الكهرومغناطيسية التحكم:
QC electromagnetic bridge crane generates electromagnetic force through the generator, uses electromagnetic suction cup to absorb materials, and realizes the suspension and unloading of materials. This control method enables the crane to accurately control the material handling process and improve the working efficiency.
قوية القدرة على التكيف:
Due to the controllability of electromagnetic force, QC electromagnetic bridge crane can be applied to a variety of materials, including metals, non-metals, etc. At the same time, its compact structure and light weight make it easy to operate in narrow spaces.
من السهل أن تعمل:
QC electromagnetic bridge crane usually adopts ground control or remote control operation, so that the operator can easily control the operation of the crane and the material handling process. At the same time, the crane is equipped with multiple safety protection devices to ensure safe and reliable operation.
سهولة الصيانة:
The parts of QC electromagnetic bridge crane are standardized and serialized, which is easy to repair and replace. At the same time, its electrical system and control system are reasonably designed and easy to maintain and maintain.
Application analysis in Zambia
Mining field:
Zambia has rich mineral resources, such as copper, cobalt, gold, etc. QC electromagnetic bridge crane can be used for mining, ore handling and stacking operations. Since the electromagnetic suction cup can absorb metal materials, it is particularly suitable for the handling of metal ores.
الصناعة التحويلية:
Zambia's manufacturing industry is developing rapidly and requires efficient and reliable material handling equipment. QC electromagnetic bridge crane can be used in the production line of manufacturing enterprises to achieve rapid handling and stacking of materials and improve production efficiency.
الموانئ والأحواض:
Zambia's ports and docks often need to handle a large amount of bulk cargo and containers. QC electromagnetic bridge crane can be used for bulk cargo loading and unloading operations, such as coal, ore, grain, etc. At the same time, it can also be used for container handling and stacking operations.
Hydropower station construction:
Zambia has abundant water resources and a large demand for hydropower station construction. QC electromagnetic bridge crane can be used for the handling and installation of hydropower station equipment, such as the lifting and transportation of large equipment such as generators and transformers.
بناء البنية التحتية:
In the field of infrastructure construction in Zambia, such as construction sites of bridges, roads, buildings and other projects, QC electromagnetic overhead cranes can be used for the handling and stacking of construction materials, such as steel bars, cement, etc.
LH Double Girder overhead Crane for sale to Zambia
الرافعة الكهربائية مزدوجة العارضة رافعة علوية هو رافعة علوية مع رافعة كهربائية كما رفع آلية, مع رفع قدرة 5 طن إلى 63 طن المستخدمة في مناولة المواد العامة و رفع. الطبقة العاملة الكهربائية رافعة علوية هو A3 A5.
نوع:LH
رفع القدرات:5~63t
رفع الارتفاع:العمر:8m~32m
العمل واجب:A3~A5
درجة الحرارة المحيطة:-20~40 ° C
LH double-beam bridge crane plays an important role in industrial production and logistics centers with its simple structure, convenient operation, stable operation and strong carrying capacity. The following is an analysis of the application of LH double-beam bridge crane in Zambia, combined with its working characteristics:
تعمل الخصائص LH مزدوجة شعاع جسر الرافعة
بنية قوية:
LH double-beam bridge crane adopts double-beam structure, which enables the crane to bear greater load and ensure the safe operation of the equipment.
من السهل أن تعمل:
The crane drives the reducer through the motor to drive the drum to rotate, realize the retraction and release of the wire rope and the lifting and lowering of the goods. At the same time, it is equipped with an advanced electrical control system, making the operation easier and more flexible.
سلاسة:
LH double-beam bridge crane shows good stability during operation, reducing the risk of damage to the goods during handling.
قوية القدرة الاستيعابية:
The design of the crane enables it to bear a large weight and is suitable for lifting heavy goods such as steel, building materials, etc.
مجموعة واسعة من التطبيقات:
LH double-beam bridge crane is widely used in various industrial occasions, such as metallurgy, construction, ports and other industries, showing its wide adaptability.
Application analysis in Zambia
Mining field:
Zambia has rich mineral resources, and LH double-beam bridge cranes can be used for mining, ore handling and stacking operations. Its strong carrying capacity enables it to easily cope with the handling needs of heavy ore.
الصناعة التحويلية:
Zambia's manufacturing industry is developing rapidly and requires efficient and reliable material handling equipment. LH double-beam bridge cranes can be used in the production lines of manufacturing companies to achieve rapid handling and stacking of heavy parts and improve production efficiency.
الموانئ والأحواض:
Zambia's ports and docks often need to handle a large amount of import and export goods. LH double-beam bridge cranes can be used for loading and unloading containers, bulk cargo, etc., to improve the operating efficiency of ports.
بناء البنية التحتية:
In the field of infrastructure construction in Zambia, such as bridges, roads, buildings and other projects, LH double-beam bridge cranes can be used for the handling and stacking of construction materials. Its sturdy structure and smooth operation enable it to operate stably in harsh construction site environments.
والتخزين والخدمات اللوجستية:
In the field of warehousing and logistics, LH double-beam bridge cranes can be used for loading, unloading, stacking and handling of goods, improving the efficiency and accuracy of warehousing and logistics.
QD Double Girder Overhead Crane for sale to Zambia
QD مزدوجة العارضة رافعة علوية تتكون من جسر السفر آلية, حامل متحرك, المعدات الكهربائية. الرئيسية العارضة يعتمد مربع هيكل ملحومة ، رافعة السفر تعتمد آلية منفصلة drive, ورفع آلية مجهزة ونش. كل آلية يتم التحكم في كابينة السائق.
QD نموذج رافعة مزدوجة العارضة النفقات العامة يتم تطبيقها في فتح مستودع أو السكك الحديدية جانبية السلوك الشائعة التحميل والتفريغ مناولة المواد يعمل. بل هو نوع الثقيلة رافعة علوية التي تلبي في كثير من الأحيان باستخدام.
QD double-beam bridge crane is an efficient, safe and reliable lifting equipment with the characteristics of large lifting capacity, large span and stable operation. The following is an analysis of the application of QD double-beam bridge crane in Zambia, combined with its working characteristics:
تعمل خصائص QD مزدوجة شعاع جسر الرافعة
كبير قدرة الرفع:
QD double-beam bridge crane is designed to carry heavy objects, and its lifting capacity can reach several hundred tons. It is suitable for lifting heavy machinery and equipment, large steel, etc.
فترة كبيرة:
Due to the double-beam structure, the crossbeam of QD double-beam bridge crane can cover a larger working range and is suitable for sites with larger spans.
عملية مستقرة:
QD double-beam bridge crane has high working stability, which can ensure that the goods will not shake or tilt during transportation, ensuring the safety of the goods.
عملية سهلة:
QD double-beam bridge crane is usually equipped with a complete control system and operation interface, so that operators can easily master and operate. At the same time, it can be remotely operated through remote control or control panel in the control room to improve the convenience and safety of operation.
سهولة الصيانة:
The structure and components of the QD double-beam bridge crane are reasonably designed, which is convenient for daily maintenance and maintenance, and prolongs the service life of the equipment.
Application analysis in Zambia
Mining field:
Zambia is a country rich in mineral resources. The QD double-beam bridge crane can be used for heavy equipment lifting and ore handling in mines to improve work efficiency and safety.
الصناعة التحويلية:
In Zambia's manufacturing industry, the QD double-beam bridge crane can be used for heavy machinery and equipment lifting inside the factory, production line material handling, etc., to support the rapid development of the manufacturing industry.
الموانئ والأحواض:
Zambia's ports and docks need to handle a large amount of import and export goods. The QD double-beam bridge crane can be used for container lifting, bulk cargo handling, etc., to improve the logistics efficiency of the port.
بناء البنية التحتية:
In the field of infrastructure construction in Zambia, such as the construction sites of bridges, roads, buildings and other projects, the QD double-beam bridge crane can be used for the lifting and handling of large components to ensure the progress and quality of construction.
والتخزين والخدمات اللوجستية:
In the field of warehousing and logistics, QD double-beam bridge cranes can be used for stacking, handling and loading and unloading of heavy goods, improving the efficiency and accuracy of warehousing and logistics.
العزل رافعة علوية يستخدم على نطاق واسع في صهر ورش كهربائيا المعادن غير الحديدية والألمنيوم والمغنيسيوم. هذا العزل رافعة علوية مكونة من خانة نوع الرئيسية العارضة ، رافعة السفر آلية, حامل متحرك كهربائي.
لمنع الحالية التي تمر عبر آلية رفع إلى رافعة وتهدد المشغل الحياة ، أجزاء من العزل رافعة علوية محمية من قبل العزل العلاج. العزل رافعة علوية مستوى العمل هي الثقيلة ، حتى رفع الرئيسي مجهزة المزدوج الكبح وذلك لضمان سلامة الإنتاج.
QY insulated bridge crane is widely used in the power industry and other industrial fields that require an insulated environment due to its unique insulation design, safety and reliability, and precise control. The following is an analysis of the application of QY insulated bridge crane in Zambia, combined with its working characteristics:
تعمل خصائص QY معزول جسر الرافعة
تصميم العزل:
QY insulated bridge crane adopts special insulation materials and design, which can isolate the electrical connection between the crane and the power equipment, ensuring that there will be no safety hazards due to grounding in the power operation environment.
آمنة وموثوق بها:
الرافعة هي مجهزة مع مجموعة متنوعة من أجهزة حماية السلامة ، مثل حماية الزائد ، المحدد ، جهاز التوقف في حالات الطوارئ ، وما إلى ذلك ، والتي يمكن ضمان سلامة وموثوقية عملية رفع ومنع الحوادث.
دقة التحكم:
The crane is equipped with a precise control system, which can realize precise control of lifting, walking and other actions, ensuring the accuracy and efficiency of the lifting operation.
هيكل مستقر:
The crane adopts a bridge structure with a stable overall frame, which can withstand a large lifting load, and the mobile mechanism is reasonably designed, which can be flexibly moved in different construction sites.
مجموعة واسعة من التطبيقات:
QY insulated bridge cranes are widely used in various fields of the power industry, including power transmission and distribution line construction, substation construction and operation and maintenance, power equipment manufacturing and maintenance, wind farm construction and operation and maintenance, etc., which can meet the lifting needs of different power engineering projects.
حماية البيئة و توفير الطاقة:
رافعة متقدمة تعتمد أنظمة التحكم الكهربائية و تكنولوجيات توفير الطاقة ، والتي يمكن تحقيق الاستفادة الفعالة من موارد الطاقة ، والحد من استهلاك الطاقة ، وتلبية متطلبات الحديثة وحماية البيئة وتوفير الطاقة.
Application analysis in Zambia
صناعة الطاقة:
The Zambian power industry is in a rapid development stage, requiring a large number of power equipment installation, replacement and maintenance operations. QY insulated bridge cranes can be used for the construction and maintenance of power transmission and distribution lines, the installation, maintenance and replacement of substation equipment, and lifting operations during the manufacturing and maintenance of power equipment. Its insulation design enables the crane to operate safely in a live environment, greatly improving work efficiency and safety.
Nonferrous metal smelting:
Zambia has rich nonferrous metal resources, such as aluminum and magnesium. In the process of nonferrous metal smelting, raw materials need to be hoisted, transported and stacked. QY insulated bridge crane can be used for these operations. Its stable structure and strong carrying capacity make it easy to handle the handling needs of heavy non-ferrous metal materials.
Wind farm construction:
Zambia is actively developing wind power resources and building wind farms. During the construction and operation of wind farms, it is necessary to install, maintain and replace equipment such as wind turbines. QY insulated bridge crane can provide lifting services to meet the hoisting needs of wind power equipment and provide strong support for the construction and operation of wind farms.
Manufacturing and warehousing logistics:
In the manufacturing and warehousing logistics fields in Zambia, QY insulated bridge crane can also be used for the handling and stacking of heavy goods. Its precise control and stable structure enable it to ensure the safety and accuracy of goods during the handling process and improve production efficiency.
European Double Girder Overhead Crane for sale to Zambia
الأوروبي مزدوجة العارضة رافعة علوية هو أحدث إصدار من رافعة علوية مصممة مع FEM المعايير المتقدمة في قاعدة التقليدية رافعة ولذلك الأوروبي مزدوجة العارضة رافعة علوية لديه المزايا التي لا تقبل المنافسة, مثل, أداء لا مثيل له ، ضيق بنية خفيفة الوزن الميت ، عالية الأمان والموثوقية, أداء عالي الكفاءة ، تطبيقات على نطاق واسع في مختلف الصناعات.
بسبب مزايا التصميم الأوروبي مزدوجة العارضة رافعة علوية يمكن أن تساعدك على خفض الاستثمار الأولي لمصنع البناء ، وزيادة الإنتاجية وخفض جهود الصيانة اليومية ، والحد من استهلاك الطاقة ، والحصول على أعلى عائد على الاستثمار.
European double-beam bridge cranes have been widely used around the world for their compact design, large lifting capacity, stable operation, convenient maintenance and high degree of intelligence. The following is an analysis of the application of European double-beam bridge cranes in Zambia, combined with their working characteristics:
Working characteristics of European double-beam bridge cranes
تصميم مدمج وخفيف الوزن:
The European double-beam crane is more compact in design, which can effectively reduce the size and weight of the crane, reduce the burden on the plant structure, and improve space utilization.
كبير قدرة الرفع:
The double-beam structure enables the crane to withstand a larger lifting capacity, which is suitable for lifting heavy objects and meeting the needs of large engineering projects.
سلاسة:
Advanced drive technology and precise manufacturing process are used to ensure the smooth operation of the crane, reduce the shaking of goods during lifting, and improve operating efficiency.
سهولة الصيانة:
The design takes into account the convenience of maintenance, reduces maintenance costs and downtime, and ensures the long-term stable operation of the equipment.
درجة عالية من الذكاء:
It can be equipped with various intelligent systems, such as remote control systems, automatic positioning systems, etc., to improve operating efficiency and safety and reduce the risk of manual operation.
Application Analysis in Zambia
بناء البنية التحتية:
Zambia is in a stage of rapid development and requires a lot of infrastructure construction. European double-girder bridge cranes can be used at the construction sites of bridges, roads, buildings and other projects to lift and move large components and improve construction efficiency and quality.
Mining Field:
Zambia has rich mineral resources, such as copper and cobalt. European double-girder bridge cranes can be used for heavy equipment lifting, ore handling and other operations in mines to improve mining efficiency and safety.
التصنيع:
Zambia's manufacturing industry is gradually developing. European double-girder bridge cranes can be used for heavy machinery and equipment lifting inside factories, production line material handling, etc., to support the rapid development of the manufacturing industry.
الموانئ والأحواض:
Zambia's ports and docks need to handle a large amount of import and export goods. European double-girder bridge cranes can be used for container lifting, bulk cargo handling, etc., to improve the logistics efficiency of ports.
Energy Industry:
In the energy industry, such as the construction and operation and maintenance of hydropower stations and wind farms, European double-girder bridge cranes can be used for the lifting and installation of large equipment to ensure the smooth progress of the project.
نحن رافعة مصنع يقع في الصين ، توفير رافعة خدمات التخصيص العالمية رافعة العملاء. إذا كنت ترغب في تخصيص النفقات العامة رافعة, يمكنك ترك رسالة على الموقع أو البريد الإلكتروني: sales010@cranesdq.comقل لنا المعلومات التالية ، مدير المبيعات لدينا بالاتصال بك:
رفع السعة (طن): __ ?( السعة)
رفع الارتفاع (م):__ ? (الطول من ربط مركز الأرض)
Span (م): __ ? (المسافة بين مركز السكك الحديدية)
سرعة رفع (م/دقيقة): __ ? ( مفردة ، مزدوجة ، متغير)
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