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American crane-related standardization bodies

There are many organizations in the Estados Unidos related to the formulation and revision of crane standards, mainly including:

American National Standards Institute (ANSI): It is a national non-governmental standardization organization in the United States. Although it is not the leading organization for national standardization, it is responsible for organizing the formulation and promulgation of national standards. There are four main functions: organizing national standards coordination; organizing standards information exchange; approving American national standards; representing the United States in international standardization activities. ANSI has actually become the standardization center of the United States, serving as a bridge between the federal government and the private standardization system. ANSI coordinates and guides national standardization, provides information on standards at home and abroad for standard formulation, research and use units, encourages these units to formulate new standards and provides forums for voluntary dispute resolution.

American Petroleum Institute (API): It is composed of companies that develop oil and natural gas, as well as refining, storage, transportation, and sales companies. The formulation of standards related to the petroleum industry is one of the main tasks of the Institute. The petrochemical and oil extraction machinery technology developed The standard is adopted by many countries.

American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME): Conduct research and exploration on mechanical engineering and formulate standards and specifications. The mechanical standards of the American National Standards Institute are mainly proposed with its assistance. Among the ASME codes and standards, the most important is the boiler and pressure vessel code, and the lifting machinery standard is also one of the important components. Most of ASME's standards have been approved as American National Standards by the American National Standards Institute.

American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM): It is one of the earliest, largest, and most accomplished academic groups in the United States. ASTM mainly formulates six standards including technical conditions, test methods, implementation specifications, guidelines, classifications, and terminology. The standards it formulated occupies an important position in the American National Standards. Many ASTM standards have been formally confirmed by the International Organization for Standardization and various regional groups, and have become the basis for their promulgation of standards.

American Welding Society (AWS): It is an active member of the International Welding Society (IIW), a member of the International Organization for Standardization Subcommittee (TC 44), and a technical consultant of the International Electrotechnical Commission. The American National Standards Institute approves it as an American National Standard, and only a few of them are AWS standards.

The Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers (IEEE): It is the largest professional engineering organization in the world today, involving the fields of electrical engineering and computer science. Most of the standards issued by IEEE have been approved by the American National Standards Institute and upgraded to American National Standards.

National Electrical Manufacturers Association (NEMA): It is composed of more than 500 major electrical manufacturers in the United States. NEMA mainly formulates standards for lighting equipment, signal and communication equipment, power generation and transmission and distribution equipment, wires and cables, electrical insulation materials, electrical appliances, welding and X-ray equipment.

Features of American crane standard system

The American crane safety standards mainly include: bridge cranes, gantry cranes, stacking cranes, jib cranes, monorail cranes, hoists and simple lifting equipment. In terms of its standard system, it has the following characteristics:

1) The nature of the standard is mainly recommended, and standard users voluntarily adopt it. Only standards related to safety and health are mandatory standards. For example, the American standard ANSI B30 is a set of mandatory standards related to safety.

2) The standard system is reasonable and the matching is good. Not affected by segmentation between departments.

3) Standard content is convenient for enterprises to use. Basic standards such as design specifications, classification standards, and terminology standards are relatively detailed, which provides a unified basis for users of all aspects of the standard. The scope of product standards is wider. However, there are many qualitative content and few quantitative content, which is a trade standard. This can promote competition among manufacturers, while meeting the requirements of different users.

4) The standard revision cycle is short. Modify or supplement the original standard at any time according to the needs of use. Sometimes the standard text is not reprinted, but only the changes to the original standard are published and used together with the original standard. This situation occurs more frequently in American National Standards.

American crane related standards

The American National Crane Standard is mainly drafted and formulated by the ASME B30 Safety Standards Committee for ropeways, cranes, jib cranes, hoists, hooks, jacks and slings, and is issued as an ASME standard, and then approved by ANSI to become an American national standard. There are also a small number of crane standards that use standards from other agencies, such as the "Mobile Hydraulic Boom Crane No. 2 Standard" issued by the Power Boom Crane and Forklift Association.

The American national standards related to hoisting machinery can be divided into two major categories, one is the safety standard, that is, the ANSI B30 standard. It was drafted and revised by the ASME B30 committee and is suitable for: jacks, electric cranes, monorail systems, crane rails; electric and mobile-operated boom cranes and hoists; hooks and rigging, and the construction of cable cranes, Installation, use, inspection and maintenance. Not applicable to 1-track and automobile jacks, railway or automobile rescue mobile cranes, marine cranes, marine cargo handling equipment, drilling towers, skip hoists, mine roll yard machines, truck-mounted cranes, vehicle or ship traction equipment , Manual hoist, conveyor and excavating equipment. The other is technical specifications related to product design calculations and performance. It is drafted by ASME or its sub-committees and published by ASME. It becomes a national standard after being confirmed by ANSI.

(1) Safety standards

The purpose of formulating safety standards is: to prevent and reduce injuries to operators, to provide safety-compliant protection measures for the lives, bodies and properties of operators; to provide employers, employees, managers and other related or negative equipment related to the use of equipment. Responsible personnel provide application guidance; guide the government and other regulatory agencies to propose, promulgate and implement appropriate safety instructions.

The safety standards of cranes mainly include construction, installation, operation, inspection, testing, maintenance and use of containers, motor vehicles and locomotives, monorails and chassis, overhead and gantry, stackers, gantry, tower and base cranes, etc. Regulations. A list of relevant standards can be found in Table 1.

Table 1 National safety standards for cranes in the United States

Safety standards usually consist of five parts: ① preface; ② scope of application and definition; ③ structure and installation; ④ inspection, test and maintenance; ⑤ operation. According to the severity of the possible impact on the product, mandatory clauses and recommended clauses are stipulated. For product performance requirements in safety standards, the technical performance standards of the corresponding products are usually quoted.

(2) Technical performance standards

1) The standards formulated and promulgated by the Crane Manufacturers Association of America (CMAA) are: CMAA Specification No. 70 Electric Overhead Crane Specification, CMAA Specification No. 74 Upper and Lower Operation Electric Single Girder Overhead Crane Specification.

2) Developed by the American Monorail Manufacturers Association and confirmed as American National Standards: ANSI/MH27.1 Specifications for Suspension Cranes and Monorail Systems.

3) The Hoist Standards Committee (HST) of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) is responsible for the formulation of the hoist series standards issued by ASME and confirmed by ANSI as American National Standards: ANSI/ASME HST-1M electric chain hoist, ANSI/ASME HST -2M hand chain hoist, ANSI/ASME HST-3M electric chain hoist, ANSI/ASME HST-4M electric wire rope hoist, ANSI/ASME HST-5M electric chain hoist, ANSI/ASME HST-6M electric wire rope hoist.

4) The series of portable car-type car hoisting device standards formulated by the American Society of Mechanical Engineers’ Automotive Lifting Device Committee (PALD) and confirmed as American National Standards are: ANSI/ASME PALD-1 manual pressed jack, ANSI /ASME PALD-2 automobile gearbox jack, ANSI/ASME PALD-3 engine support frame, ANSI/ASME PALD-4 automobile support frame, ANSI/ASME PALD-5 screw jack, ANSI/ASME PALD-6 mechanical buffer jack, ANSI/ASME PALD-7 scissor jack, ANSI/AS ME PALD-8 frame jack, ANSI/ASME PALD-9 upright car lifting device, ANSI/ASME PALD-10 maintenance jack, ANSI/ASME PALD-11 Wheeled trolley, ANSI/ASME PALD-12 workshop crane, ANSI/ASME PALD-13 rotary car lifting device, AN SI/ASME PALD-14 scissor car lifting device, ANSI/ASME PALD-15 attached Support frame, ANSI/ASME PALD-16 inclined platform, ANSI/ASME PALD-17 wheeled trolley, ANSI/ASME PALD-12 heavy-duty pneumatic hydraulic jack.

(3) Other standards

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