As an indispensable heavy equipment in the industrial field, the safety of bridge crane hoisting operations is directly related to production efficiency and personnel safety. In a complex operating environment, how to ensure that the hoisting operation of bridge cranes is foolproof is a question that every practitioner must think deeply about. Hoisting operations not only require the equipment itself to be in good condition, but also require a comprehensive consideration of the operating environment, operator qualifications and safety operating procedures. From safety preparations before the operation, to a detailed inspection of the crane equipment, to a comprehensive assessment of the operating environment, every detail is crucial. At the same time, the professional skills and safety awareness of the operator are also the key to preventing accidents. This article will explore in depth the safety precautions in bridge crane hoisting operations, aiming to provide a set of scientific and comprehensive safety management guidelines for related industries.
Before carrying out the hoisting operation of a bridge crane, a series of detailed and comprehensive safety preparations need to be carried out to ensure the safety, efficiency and smooth progress of the entire hoisting process. A careful and rigorous review of the operation plan is a crucial first step. In this process, it is necessary to conduct a comprehensive assessment of the feasibility and safety of the lifting task, and fully consider the performance parameters of the bridge crane, such as rated lifting weight, span, lifting height, etc., to ensure that all parameters of the lifting operation are within the design range of the crane, and avoid mechanical failures or even safety accidents caused by overload operation or improper operation.
Safety environment improvement at the operation site is also an indispensable part. Before the lifting operation, the site must be thoroughly cleaned and all obstacles that may affect the operation of the crane and the lifting operation must be removed, including but not limited to scattered objects, sharp objects, temporary stacking objects, etc. At the same time, it is necessary to ensure that the operation path of the crane is unobstructed and no personnel or equipment is stranded to prevent accidental collisions or squeezing incidents during the lifting process.
The establishment of a clear and definite command and coordination mechanism is a key link in safeguarding the safety of lifting operations. Before the operation, special commanders should be set up, and strict command signals and communication rules should be formulated to ensure that all personnel involved in the operation can understand the command intention accurately and correctly, and the information transmission of each link should be timely and effective. In addition, emergency plans and liaison mechanisms should be established to deal with possible emergencies and improve operational efficiency while ensuring safety.
The safety of the equipment appearance and structure is the basis for ensuring the normal operation of the crane and the personal safety of the operator. Before each operation, a comprehensive and detailed inspection should be carried out to ensure that the equipment is in good condition. First of all, the metal structure of the bridge crane should be checked, including the bridge frame, end beam, trolley frame and other parts, to ensure that there are no cracks, slag inclusions, leaks and other phenomena in the welds, and the bolted joints should be tightened without looseness to avoid structural instability or deformation due to connection problems. At the same time, it is also necessary to pay attention to the wear of various parts of the crane, such as pulleys, pulley blocks, wire ropes and other wearing parts, check the wear of the pulley grooves to see if they meet the use requirements; check the wear and broken wires of the wire rope to ensure that its load-bearing capacity meets the standards to prevent safety accidents such as breakage during use.
Function test is an important part of ensuring the normal operation of the crane and the personal safety of the operator. Before the operation, test the various functions of the crane to check whether it runs smoothly and whether there are abnormal sounds or vibrations. First, test the lifting function of the crane to observe whether it runs smoothly and whether there are any abnormal sounds or vibrations. The performance of the brake should also be checked to ensure that it can stop and decelerate reliably. Secondly, test the operation function of the crane to check whether the trolley and the car are running smoothly and whether there are any abnormal sounds or vibrations. In particular, pay attention to the connection and coordination between the components to see if there are problems such as looseness or wear. In addition, for cranes with variable amplitude function, it is also necessary to check whether its variable amplitude function is normal, observe the working condition of the variable amplitude mechanism, and ensure that it can accurately control the variable amplitude speed and position. Through functional testing, potential faults can be discovered and eliminated in time, providing reliable equipment guarantee for hoisting operations.
Safety devices are an important part of cranes, including limiters, buffers, anti-unhooking devices, etc. The role of these safety devices is to play a role at critical moments to prevent safety accidents caused by loss of control or misoperation of the crane. Before operation, check the various safety devices of the crane to ensure that they can play a role at critical moments. First, check the limiters of the crane, including travel limiters, lifting limiters, etc. Ensure that these limiters can reliably function when the equipment runs to the limit position to avoid damage caused by overload or collision. Secondly, check the buffer. The function of the buffer is to absorb the impact force generated by the equipment during operation to prevent the equipment from being damaged. By checking the performance of the buffer, ensure that it can effectively absorb the impact force. Finally, check the anti-unhooking device. The function of the anti-unhooking device is to prevent the hook from accidentally falling off and causing safety accidents. By checking the reliability of the anti-unhooking device, ensure that it can play a role at the critical moment.
Safety device verification record sheet
| Safety device name | Verify content | Verification result | Checker | Verification date |
| Travel limiter | Can the equipment stop reliably when it reaches the limit position? | Pass/Fail | _ | _ |
| Lifting limiter | Can the equipment stop reliably when it reaches the limit position? | Pass/Fail | _ | _ |
| Buffer | Is the impact absorption performance good? | Pass/Fail | _ | _ |
| Anti-unhooking device | Reliability to prevent the hook from accidentally falling off | Pass/Fail | _ | _ |
| Other safety devices | _ | Pass/Fail | _ | _ |
| Remark | Problems found during the calibration process and their solutions | _ | _ | _ |
Crane function test record sheet
| Test items | Test content | Test Results | Tester | Test Date |
| Lifting function test | Is the operation smooth? Are there any abnormal sounds or vibrations? | Pass/Fail | _ | _ |
| Brake performance test | Can it stop and slow down reliably? | Pass/Fail | _ | _ |
| Crane operation test | Is the operation smooth? Are there any abnormal sounds or vibrations? | Pass/Fail | _ | _ |
| Trolley running test | Is the operation smooth? Are there any abnormal sounds or vibrations? | Pass/Fail | _ | _ |
| Amplitude function test | Can the luffing speed and position be accurately controlled (if applicable) | Pass/Fail | _ | _ |
| Pulley and wire rope inspection | Check whether the pulley groove wear, wire rope wear and wire breakage meet the standards. | Pass/Fail | _ | _ |
| Remark | Problems found during testing and solutions | _ | _ | _ |
The lifting operation area should be scientifically and reasonably divided according to the scope, scale and degree of danger of the operation, and clear and eye-catching safety warning signs and isolation facilities should be set up. The signs should include but are not limited to the key positions such as the lifting operation area boundary, lifting path, and lifting operation point to clearly indicate the specific area of the lifting operation. At the same time, key parts in the operation area, such as lifting points, supporting structures, important pipelines, etc., should also be clearly marked so that operators can accurately identify them.
Ground bearing capacity is an important guarantee for the safety of lifting operations. Before lifting operations, a detailed bearing capacity assessment of the ground in the operation area must be carried out. The assessment work should take into account factors such as soil properties, geological conditions, humidity, etc., and refer to previous data and experience to ensure that the ground can withstand the weight of the crane and the hoisted objects. If the ground bearing capacity is insufficient, reinforcement measures should be taken, such as increasing the foundation, laying steel plates, etc., to increase the bearing capacity of the ground. The reinforcement measures should be calculated and confirmed by professionals to ensure their reliability and safety.
Meteorological conditions have an important impact on the safety of lifting operations. Before lifting operations, pay close attention to meteorological conditions and avoid operating in bad weather. Lifting operations should be suspended in bad weather such as strong winds, heavy rain, and thunder and lightning. At the same time, lighting at the work site is also very important. Adequate light can ensure that operators can clearly observe the hoisted objects and the surrounding environment, avoiding safety accidents caused by poor vision. Lighting equipment should be set in appropriate locations to ensure that the lighting in the work area is sufficient and uniform. In addition, lighting equipment should also have windproof and waterproof properties to ensure normal use in bad weather.
The skill level of operators plays a vital role in hoisting operations and directly affects the safety and efficiency of operations. In order to ensure that operators are competent for their work, they must be systematically trained in operation skills. The training content should cover the operating principles, operation procedures and troubleshooting of cranes. Through in-depth theoretical learning and practical operations, the skill level of operators can be improved so that they can master the various functions and usage methods of cranes, thereby ensuring safety and efficiency during operations.
Safety knowledge education is an important way to cultivate operators' safety awareness. During the training process, emphasis should be placed on safety precautions in hoisting operations, including operating specifications, hazard warnings and emergency response. In addition, operators should also be taught how to respond in emergency situations, such as how to avoid accidents, how to save themselves and how to save others. Through safety knowledge education, operators can fully realize the importance of safety and have basic safety awareness and self-rescue capabilities.
Operation qualification is an important basis for ensuring that operators have legal operating qualifications. After the training, the qualifications of operators should be reviewed. The audit process should strictly follow relevant regulations and standards, including the assessment and testing of operating skills and safety knowledge. Only operators who pass the qualification review can obtain legal operating qualifications and be allowed to perform hoisting operations. Those who fail the review need to continue to participate in training or study until they meet the qualification standards.
Lifting operation is a high-risk operation and must be carried out strictly in accordance with the standardized process. Before the operation, a detailed lifting plan should be formulated to clarify the weight, size, lifting point location and other information of the lifting object. The lifting plan should include details such as the pretreatment of the lifting object, the lifting sequence, the lifting route, and the lifting height to ensure the smooth progress of the lifting operation. When formulating the lifting plan, the characteristics, weight, size and other factors of the lifting object, as well as the environment and equipment at the lifting site should be fully considered. The operator should operate strictly in accordance with the lifting plan and shall not change the operation process without authorization. During the operation, a special person should be designated to command and supervise to ensure the coordination and safety of the lifting operation.
Slings and rigging are indispensable tools in lifting operations. Before use, the slings and rigging should be inspected to ensure that they are in good working condition. The inspection content should include: the integrity of the slings and rigging, wear and tear, cracks and other defects, and whether the connectors and fasteners are loose. For the slings and riggings with problems, they should be repaired or replaced in time to ensure their safety and reliability. Appropriate slings and riggings should be selected according to the weight and size of the hoisted objects to avoid safety accidents caused by improper selection. When selecting slings and riggings, factors such as the characteristics, weight, size and other factors of the hoisted objects, as well as the environment and equipment at the hoisting site should be fully considered. For special types of hoisted objects, such as those in high temperature and corrosive environments, high temperature and corrosion resistant slings and riggings should be selected to ensure that they will not be damaged or fail during use.
In hoisting operations, emergencies occur from time to time. In order to ensure that operators can respond quickly in emergency situations, detailed response measures should be formulated. This includes the use of emergency stop buttons, planning of escape routes, and the provision of fire-fighting equipment. Emergency measures should clarify the responsibilities and actions of operators to ensure that measures can be taken quickly and accurately in emergency situations. For possible emergencies, simulation drills and training should be conducted to familiarize operators with the implementation methods of emergency measures. Emergency measures should take into account various possible emergency situations, such as equipment failure, operational errors, natural disasters, etc. Different response measures should be formulated for different emergency situations to ensure that effective response measures can be taken quickly in emergency situations.
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