The crane coupling is a necessary transmission component on the crane . The editor introduces the types of couplings used on the crane and the precautions for safe use.
Couplings are used to connect the transmission shafts of various mechanisms and transmit motion and torque. There are many types of couplings. According to whether they contain elastic elements, they are divided into two categories: rigidity and elasticity. A coupling that only serves as a connection and cannot compensate for the radial or axial displacement between the two connected shafts is called a rigid coupling; it is allowed to have a certain radial or shaft between the two connected shafts The coupling that shifts in the direction is called an elastic coupling.
During the work of the crane, the deformation is inevitable due to the force, especially the deformation of the bridge frame, which has a greater impact on the operating mechanism of the cart. In order to ensure that in the case of deformation of the main beam, the crane's various motion mechanisms have better running performance, and to compensate for the inevitable errors in the manufacturing and installation process, crane accessories widely use compensating couplings. Such as cross couplings, gear couplings, elastic pin couplings, etc., rigid couplings are only used in rare cases.
1. Cross coupling Cross coupling is mainly used for the connection between the low-speed shaft end of the reducer and the wheel or drum. The gap between the shoulder of the middle disc of the cross coupling and the side surface of the groove of the half disc shall not be greater than 2mm. The radial displacement of the connected shaft should not exceed 0.3mm. The relative sliding surfaces of the cross coupling should be regularly lubricated.
The advantages of the cross coupling are simple structure, convenient manufacture, and large torque transmission; the disadvantage is that the compensation amount is small and the installation accuracy is higher.
2. Gear couplings Gear couplings are the most widely used compensation couplings for various motion mechanisms of cranes. It is divided into full-tooth coupling and half-tooth coupling. The coupling composed of two inner and outer gear halves is a full-tooth coupling, and the coupling composed of an inner and outer gear half and a flange half is a half-tooth coupling . Gear couplings are the most used flexible couplings in various operating mechanisms of cranes.
The advantages of gear couplings are small size, large transmission torque, large offset between the connected shafts, low installation accuracy requirements, and reliable operation; the disadvantage is that the manufacturing process is complex and the cost is high.
3. Elastic pin couplings. Elastic pin couplings include rubber ring pin couplings and nylon ring pin couplings. The basic structure is the same, and the only difference is the elastic ring on the pin. Material.
Most of the pin couplings used on cranes have brake wheels. In order to ensure the compensation of axial tilt and radial displacement, there should be a gap of 3~5mm between the two halves of the coupling during installation. When there is no radial displacement of this kind of coupling, the axis line is allowed to have a deflection angle of no more than 400; in the case of no axis line deflection, a radial displacement of no more than 0.2mm is allowed.
The advantage of the elastic pin coupling is that it has a simple structure, can buffer and reduce vibration, and does not need lubrication; the disadvantage is that the transmission torque is small, the elastic ring is easy to wear, and the service life is low. For this reason, the nylon elastic ring is better than the rubber elastic ring, which can greatly increase the service life, and is simple to manufacture and easy to repair and replace.
Coupling is the intermediate connecting part of each motion mechanism. It has a direct impact on the normal operation of each motion mechanism. Therefore, you must pay attention to:
① The coupling is not allowed to have more than the specified shaft center line skew and radial displacement, so as not to affect its transmission performance.
②The bolts of the coupling must not be loose or damaged.
③Gear couplings and cross couplings should be lubricated regularly, and grease should be added once every 2 to 3 months to avoid severe wear of gear teeth and serious consequences.
④The contact length of the gear coupling tooth width shall not be less than 70%; the axial movement shall not be greater than 5mm.
⑤The coupling is not allowed to have cracks, if there is a crack, it needs to be replaced (it can be knocked with a small hammer, judged by the sound).
⑥The key of the coupling should be tightly matched and not loose.
⑦ The tooth thickness of the gear coupling is worn out. When the lifting mechanism exceeds 15% of the original tooth thickness, when the operating mechanism exceeds 25%, it should be scrapped. If there is a broken tooth, it should also be scrapped.
⑧If the elastic ring of the pin coupling and the sealing ring of the gear coupling are damaged and aging, please pay attention to timely replacement.
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